При создании сообщений электронной почты вы должны установить Content-Type до multipart/alternative при отправке HTML и TEXT или multipart/mixed при отправке TEXT и вложений.
Итак, что вы делаете, если хотите отправить HTML, текст и вложения? Используйте оба параметра:
Используйте multipart/mixed с первой частью как multipart/alternative и последующими частями для вложений. В свою очередь, используйте части text/plain и text/html в части multipart/alternative.
Затем поддерживающий почтовый клиент должен распознать часть multipart/alternative и отобразить текстовую часть или часть html по мере необходимости. Он также должен показывать все последующие части как части крепления.
Важно отметить, что в многопользовательских сообщениях MIME вполне допустимо иметь части внутри частей. Теоретически это гнездо может распространяться на любую глубину. Любой разумно способный почтовый клиент должен иметь возможность рекурсивно обрабатывать все части сообщения.
Сегодня я столкнулся с этой проблемой, и я нашел эти ответы полезными, но не вполне ясными для меня.
Изменить: просто нашел Apache Commons Email, который прекрасно обертывает это, что означает, что вам не нужно ниже.
Если ваше требование - это электронное письмо с:
Единственная структура, которую я нашел, которая работает с Gmail/Outlook/iPad, такова:
И код:
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.URLDataSource;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Created by StrongMan on 25/05/14.
*/
public class MailContentBuilder {
private static final Pattern COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_SINGLE = Pattern.compile("src='([^']*)'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
private static final Pattern COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_DOUBLE = Pattern.compile("src=\"([^\"]*)\"", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
/**
* Build an email message.
*
* The HTML may reference the embedded image (messageHtmlInline) using the filename. Any path portion is ignored to make my life easier
* e.g. If you pass in the image C:\Temp\dog.jpg you can use <img src="dog.jpg"/> or <img src="C:\Temp\dog.jpg"/> and both will work
*
* @param messageText
* @param messageHtml
* @param messageHtmlInline
* @param attachments
* @return
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public Multipart build(String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws MessagingException {
final Multipart mpMixed = new MimeMultipart("mixed");
{
// alternative
final Multipart mpMixedAlternative = newChild(mpMixed, "alternative");
{
// Note: MUST RENDER HTML LAST otherwise iPad mail client only renders the last image and no email
addTextVersion(mpMixedAlternative,messageText);
addHtmlVersion(mpMixedAlternative,messageHtml, messageHtmlInline);
}
// attachments
addAttachments(mpMixed,attachments);
}
//msg.setText(message, "utf-8");
//msg.setContent(message,"text/html; charset=utf-8");
return mpMixed;
}
private Multipart newChild(Multipart parent, String alternative) throws MessagingException {
MimeMultipart child = new MimeMultipart(alternative);
final MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart();
parent.addBodyPart(mbp);
mbp.setContent(child);
return child;
}
private void addTextVersion(Multipart mpRelatedAlternative, String messageText) throws MessagingException {
final MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain");
mpRelatedAlternative.addBodyPart(textPart);
}
private void addHtmlVersion(Multipart parent, String messageHtml, List<URL> embeded) throws MessagingException {
// HTML version
final Multipart mpRelated = newChild(parent,"related");
// Html
final MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart();
HashMap<String,String> cids = new HashMap<String, String>();
htmlPart.setContent(replaceUrlWithCids(messageHtml,cids), "text/html");
mpRelated.addBodyPart(htmlPart);
// Inline images
addImagesInline(mpRelated, embeded, cids);
}
private void addImagesInline(Multipart parent, List<URL> embeded, HashMap<String,String> cids) throws MessagingException {
if (embeded != null)
{
for (URL img : embeded)
{
final MimeBodyPart htmlPartImg = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(img);
htmlPartImg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs));
String fileName = img.getFile();
fileName = getFileName(fileName);
String newFileName = cids.get(fileName);
boolean imageNotReferencedInHtml = newFileName == null;
if (imageNotReferencedInHtml) continue;
// Gmail requires the cid have <> around it
htmlPartImg.setHeader("Content-ID", "<"+newFileName+">");
htmlPartImg.setDisposition(BodyPart.INLINE);
parent.addBodyPart(htmlPartImg);
}
}
}
private void addAttachments(Multipart parent, List<URL> attachments) throws MessagingException {
if (attachments != null)
{
for (URL attachment : attachments)
{
final MimeBodyPart mbpAttachment = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(attachment);
mbpAttachment.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs));
String fileName = attachment.getFile();
fileName = getFileName(fileName);
mbpAttachment.setDisposition(BodyPart.ATTACHMENT);
mbpAttachment.setFileName(fileName);
parent.addBodyPart(mbpAttachment);
}
}
}
public String replaceUrlWithCids(String html, HashMap<String,String> cids)
{
html = replaceUrlWithCids(html, COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_SINGLE, "src='cid:@cid'", cids);
html = replaceUrlWithCids(html, COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_DOUBLE, "src=\"cid:@cid\"", cids);
return html;
}
private String replaceUrlWithCids(String html, Pattern pattern, String replacement, HashMap<String,String> cids) {
Matcher matcherCssUrl = pattern.matcher(html);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (matcherCssUrl.find())
{
String fileName = matcherCssUrl.group(1);
// Disregarding file path, so don't clash your filenames!
fileName = getFileName(fileName);
// A cid must start with @ and be globally unique
String cid = "@" + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "_" + fileName;
if (cids.containsKey(fileName))
cid = cids.get(fileName);
else
cids.put(fileName,cid);
matcherCssUrl.appendReplacement(sb,replacement.replace("@cid",cid));
}
matcherCssUrl.appendTail(sb);
html = sb.toString();
return html;
}
private String getFileName(String fileName) {
if (fileName.contains("/"))
fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/")+1);
return fileName;
}
}
И пример использования с Gmail
/**
* Created by StrongMan on 25/05/14.
*/
import com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.Security;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.URLDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
/**
*
* http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14744197/best-practices-sending-javamail-mime-multipart-emails-and-gmail
* http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3902455/smtp-multipart-alternative-vs-multipart-mixed
*
*
*
* @author doraemon
*/
public class GoogleMail {
private GoogleMail() {
}
/**
* Send email using GMail SMTP server.
*
* @param username GMail username
* @param password GMail password
* @param recipientEmail TO recipient
* @param title title of the message
* @param messageText message to be sent
* @throws AddressException if the email address parse failed
* @throws MessagingException if the connection is dead or not in the connected state or if the message is not a MimeMessage
*/
public static void Send(final String username, final String password, String recipientEmail, String title, String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws AddressException, MessagingException {
GoogleMail.Send(username, password, recipientEmail, "", title, messageText, messageHtml, messageHtmlInline,attachments);
}
/**
* Send email using GMail SMTP server.
*
* @param username GMail username
* @param password GMail password
* @param recipientEmail TO recipient
* @param ccEmail CC recipient. Can be empty if there is no CC recipient
* @param title title of the message
* @param messageText message to be sent
* @throws AddressException if the email address parse failed
* @throws MessagingException if the connection is dead or not in the connected state or if the message is not a MimeMessage
*/
public static void Send(final String username, final String password, String recipientEmail, String ccEmail, String title, String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws AddressException, MessagingException {
Security.addProvider(new com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider());
final String SSL_FACTORY = "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory";
// Get a Properties object
Properties props = System.getProperties();
props.setProperty("mail.smtps.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", SSL_FACTORY);
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "465");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
props.setProperty("mail.smtps.auth", "true");
/*
If set to false, the QUIT command is sent and the connection is immediately closed. If set
to true (the default), causes the transport to wait for the response to the QUIT command.
ref : http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/javadocs/com/sun/mail/smtp/package-summary.html
http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=5205249
smtpsend.java - demo program from javamail
*/
props.put("mail.smtps.quitwait", "false");
Session session = Session.getInstance(props, null);
// -- Create a new message --
final MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
// -- Set the FROM and TO fields --
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username + "@gmail.com"));
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(recipientEmail, false));
if (ccEmail.length() > 0) {
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, InternetAddress.parse(ccEmail, false));
}
msg.setSubject(title);
// mixed
MailContentBuilder mailContentBuilder = new MailContentBuilder();
final Multipart mpMixed = mailContentBuilder.build(messageText, messageHtml, messageHtmlInline, attachments);
msg.setContent(mpMixed);
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
SMTPTransport t = (SMTPTransport)session.getTransport("smtps");
t.connect("smtp.gmail.com", username, password);
t.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
t.close();
}
}
Сообщения имеют контент. Контент может представлять собой текст, html, DataHandler или Multipart, и может быть только один контент. Мультипарты имеют только BodyParts, но могут иметь более одного. BodyParts, например Messages, может иметь контент, который уже был описан.
Сообщение с HTML, текстом и вложением можно просмотреть иерархически следующим образом:
message
mainMultipart (content for message, subType="related")
->htmlAndTextBodyPart (bodyPart1 for mainMultipart)
->htmlAndTextMultipart (content for htmlAndTextBodyPart, subType="alternative")
->textBodyPart (bodyPart2 for the htmlAndTextMultipart)
->text (content for textBodyPart)
->htmlBodyPart (bodyPart1 for htmlAndTextMultipart)
->html (content for htmlBodyPart)
->fileBodyPart1 (bodyPart2 for the mainMultipart)
->FileDataHandler (content for fileBodyPart1 )
И код для создания такого сообщения:
// the parent or main part if you will
Multipart mainMultipart = new MimeMultipart("related");
// this will hold text and html and tells the client there are 2 versions of the message (html and text). presumably text
// being the alternative to html
Multipart htmlAndTextMultipart = new MimeMultipart("alternative");
// set text
MimeBodyPart textBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textBodyPart.setText(text);
htmlAndTextMultipart.addBodyPart(textBodyPart);
// set html (set this last per rfc1341 which states last = best)
MimeBodyPart htmlBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
htmlBodyPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
htmlAndTextMultipart.addBodyPart(htmlBodyPart);
// stuff the multipart into a bodypart and add the bodyPart to the mainMultipart
MimeBodyPart htmlAndTextBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
htmlAndTextBodyPart.setContent(htmlAndTextMultipart);
mainMultipart.addBodyPart(htmlAndTextBodyPart);
// attach file body parts directly to the mainMultipart
MimeBodyPart filePart = new MimeBodyPart();
FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource("/path/to/some/file.txt");
filePart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
filePart.setFileName(fds.getName());
mainMultipart.addBodyPart(filePart);
// set message content
message.setContent(mainMultipart);
Основываясь на примере Iain, у меня была аналогичная потребность в составлении этих писем с отдельными текстовыми, HTML и несколькими вложениями, но с использованием PHP. Поскольку мы используем SAS Amazon для отправки писем с вложениями, API в настоящее время требует, чтобы вы создавали электронную почту с нуля, используя функцию sendRawEmail (...).
После долгих исследований (и больше, чем нормальное расстройство) проблема была решена и исходный код PHP размещен таким образом, чтобы он мог помочь другим испытать подобную проблему. Надеюсь, что это поможет кому-то - отряд обезьян, которых я заставил работать над этой проблемой, теперь исчерпаны.
Исходный код PHP для отправки писем с вложениями с использованием SAS Amazon.
<?php
require_once('AWSSDKforPHP/aws.phar');
use Aws\Ses\SesClient;
/**
* SESUtils is a tool to make it easier to work with Amazon Simple Email Service
* Features:
* A client to prepare emails for use with sending attachments or not
*
* There is no warranty - use this code at your own risk.
* @author sbossen with assistance from Michael Deal
* http://righthandedmonkey.com
*
* Update: Error checking and new params input array provided by Michael Deal
* Update2: Corrected for allowing to send multiple attachments and plain text/html body
* Ref: Http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3902455/smtp-multipart-alternative-vs-multipart-mixed/
*/
class SESUtils {
const version = "1.0";
const AWS_KEY = "YOUR-KEY";
const AWS_SEC = "YOUR-SECRET";
const AWS_REGION = "us-east-1";
const MAX_ATTACHMENT_NAME_LEN = 60;
/**
* Usage:
$params = array(
"to" => "[email protected]",
"subject" => "Some subject",
"message" => "<strong>Some email body</strong>",
"from" => "[email protected]",
//OPTIONAL
"replyTo" => "[email protected]",
//OPTIONAL
"files" => array(
1 => array(
"name" => "filename1",
"filepath" => "/path/to/file1.txt",
"mime" => "application/octet-stream"
),
2 => array(
"name" => "filename2",
"filepath" => "/path/to/file2.txt",
"mime" => "application/octet-stream"
),
)
);
$res = SESUtils::sendMail($params);
* NOTE: When sending a single file, omit the key (ie. the '1 =>')
* or use 0 => array(...) - otherwise the file will come out garbled
* ie. use:
* "files" => array(
* 0 => array( "name" => "filename", "filepath" => "path/to/file.txt",
* "mime" => "application/octet-stream")
*
* For the 'to' parameter, you can send multiple recipiants with an array
* "to" => array("[email protected]", "[email protected]")
* use $res->success to check if it was successful
* use $res->message_id to check later with Amazon for further processing
* use $res->result_text to look for error text if the task was not successful
*
* @param array $params - array of parameters for the email
* @return \ResultHelper
*/
public static function sendMail($params) {
$to = self::getParam($params, 'to', true);
$subject = self::getParam($params, 'subject', true);
$body = self::getParam($params, 'message', true);
$from = self::getParam($params, 'from', true);
$replyTo = self::getParam($params, 'replyTo');
$files = self::getParam($params, 'files');
$res = new ResultHelper();
// get the client ready
$client = SesClient::factory(array(
'key' => self::AWS_KEY,
'secret' => self::AWS_SEC,
'region' => self::AWS_REGION
));
// build the message
if (is_array($to)) {
$to_str = rtrim(implode(',', $to), ',');
} else {
$to_str = $to;
}
$msg = "To: $to_str\n";
$msg .= "From: $from\n";
if ($replyTo) {
$msg .= "Reply-To: $replyTo\n";
}
// in case you have funny characters in the subject
$subject = mb_encode_mimeheader($subject, 'UTF-8');
$msg .= "Subject: $subject\n";
$msg .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\n";
$msg .= "Content-Type: multipart/mixed;\n";
$boundary = uniqid("_Part_".time(), true); //random unique string
$boundary2 = uniqid("_Part2_".time(), true); //random unique string
$msg .= " boundary=\"$boundary\"\n";
$msg .= "\n";
// now the actual body
$msg .= "--$boundary\n";
//since we are sending text and html emails with multiple attachments
//we must use a combination of mixed and alternative boundaries
//hence the use of boundary and boundary2
$msg .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n";
$msg .= " boundary=\"$boundary2\"\n";
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= "--$boundary2\n";
// first, the plain text
$msg .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n";
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n";
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= strip_tags($body); //remove any HTML tags
$msg .= "\n";
// now, the html text
$msg .= "--$boundary2\n";
$msg .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n";
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n";
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= $body;
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= "--$boundary2--\n";
// add attachments
if (is_array($files)) {
$count = count($files);
foreach ($files as $file) {
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= "--$boundary\n";
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n";
$clean_filename = self::clean_filename($file["name"], self::MAX_ATTACHMENT_NAME_LEN);
$msg .= "Content-Type: {$file['mime']}; name=$clean_filename;\n";
$msg .= "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$clean_filename;\n";
$msg .= "\n";
$msg .= base64_encode(file_get_contents($file['filepath']));
$msg .= "\n--$boundary";
}
// close email
$msg .= "--\n";
}
// now send the email out
try {
$ses_result = $client->sendRawEmail(
array(
'RawMessage' => array(
'Data' => base64_encode($msg)
)
), array(
'Source' => $from,
'Destinations' => $to_str
)
);
if ($ses_result) {
$res->message_id = $ses_result->get('MessageId');
} else {
$res->success = false;
$res->result_text = "Amazon SES did not return a MessageId";
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
$res->success = false;
$res->result_text = $e->getMessage().
" - To: $to_str, Sender: $from, Subject: $subject";
}
return $res;
}
private static function getParam($params, $param, $required = false) {
$value = isset($params[$param]) ? $params[$param] : null;
if ($required && empty($value)) {
throw new Exception('"'.$param.'" parameter is required.');
} else {
return $value;
}
}
/**
Clean filename function - to get a file friendly
**/
public static function clean_filename($str, $limit = 0, $replace=array(), $delimiter='-') {
if( !empty($replace) ) {
$str = str_replace((array)$replace, ' ', $str);
}
$clean = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $str);
$clean = preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\/_| -]/", '', $clean);
$clean = preg_replace("/[\/| -]+/", '-', $clean);
if ($limit > 0) {
//don't truncate file extension
$arr = explode(".", $clean);
$size = count($arr);
$base = "";
$ext = "";
if ($size > 0) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
if ($i < $size - 1) { //if it not the last item, add to $bn
$base .= $arr[$i];
//if next one isn't last, add a dot
if ($i < $size - 2)
$base .= ".";
} else {
if ($i > 0)
$ext = ".";
$ext .= $arr[$i];
}
}
}
$bn_size = mb_strlen($base);
$ex_size = mb_strlen($ext);
$bn_new = mb_substr($base, 0, $limit - $ex_size);
// doing again in case extension is long
$clean = mb_substr($bn_new.$ext, 0, $limit);
}
return $clean;
}
}
class ResultHelper {
public $success = true;
public $result_text = "";
public $message_id = "";
}
?>
Отличный ответ Lain!
Было несколько вещей, которые я сделал, чтобы сделать эту работу более широким набором устройств. В конце я перечислит клиентов, на которых я тестировал.
Я добавил новый конструктор сборки, который не содержал вложения параметров и не использовал MimeMultipart ( "mixed" ). Смешать не нужно, если вы отправляете только встроенные изображения.
public Multipart build(String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline) throws MessagingException {
final Multipart mpAlternative = new MimeMultipart("alternative");
{
// Note: MUST RENDER HTML LAST otherwise iPad mail client only renders
// the last image and no email
addTextVersion(mpAlternative,messageText);
addHtmlVersion(mpAlternative,messageHtml, messageHtmlInline);
}
return mpAlternative;
}
В методе addTextVersion я добавил кодировку при добавлении содержимого, которое, вероятно, может/должно быть передано, но я просто добавил его статически.
textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain");
to
textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
Последний элемент добавляет метод addImagesInline. Я добавил установку имени файла изображения в заголовок следующим кодом. Если вы этого не сделаете, то по крайней мере на почтовом клиенте по умолчанию Android у него будут встроенные изображения с именем Unknown и не будут автоматически загружать их и присутствовать в электронной почте.
for (URL img : embeded) {
final MimeBodyPart htmlPartImg = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(img);
htmlPartImg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs));
String fileName = img.getFile();
fileName = getFileName(fileName);
String newFileName = cids.get(fileName);
boolean imageNotReferencedInHtml = newFileName == null;
if (imageNotReferencedInHtml) continue;
htmlPartImg.setHeader("Content-ID", "<"+newFileName+">");
htmlPartImg.setDisposition(BodyPart.INLINE);
**htmlPartImg.setFileName(newFileName);**
parent.addBodyPart(htmlPartImg);
}
Итак, это список клиентов, на которых я тестировал. Outlook 2010, Outlook Web App, Internet Explorer 11, Fire Fox, Хром, Outlook с использованием собственного приложения Apple, Электронная почта, проходящая через Gmail - Почтовый клиент браузера, Internet Explorer 11, Fire Fox, Хром, Почтовый клиент по умолчанию для Android, osx IPhone по умолчанию почтовый клиент, Почтовый клиент Gmail на Android, Почтовый клиент Gmail на IPhone, Электронная почта через Yahoo - Почтовый клиент браузера, Internet Explorer 11, Fire Fox, Хром, Почтовый клиент по умолчанию для Android, osx IPhone по умолчанию почтовый клиент.
Надеюсь, что это поможет кому-то еще.
Я попал в эту проблему. Эта архитектура (от ответа Лэйна) работала для меня. Вот решение в Python.
Вот основная функция создания электронной почты:
def create_message_with_attachment(
sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile):
"""Create a message for an email.
Args:
sender: Email address of the sender.
to: Email address of the receiver.
subject: The subject of the email message.
message_text: The text of the email message.
file: The path to the file to be attached.
Returns:
An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
"""
message = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
message['to'] = to
message['from'] = sender
message['subject'] = subject
message_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
message_related = MIMEMultipart('related')
message_related.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
message_alternative.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
message_alternative.attach(message_related)
message.attach(message_alternative)
print "create_message_with_attachment: file:", attachmentFile
content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile)
if content_type is None or encoding is not None:
content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1)
if main_type == 'text':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
elif main_type == 'image':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
elif main_type == 'audio':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
else:
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
msg.set_payload(fp.read())
fp.close()
filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile)
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
message.attach(msg)
return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}
Вот полный код для отправки электронного письма, содержащего html/text/attachment:
import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools
import base64
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from apiclient import errors, discovery
import mimetypes
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE1 = 'client_secret.json'
location = os.path.realpath(
os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__)))
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = os.path.join(location, CLIENT_SECRET_FILE1)
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'
def get_credentials():
home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
os.makedirs(credential_dir)
credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,
'gmail-python-email-send.json')
store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
credentials = store.get()
if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
print 'Storing credentials to ' + credential_path
return credentials
def SendMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile):
credentials = get_credentials()
http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
message1 = create_message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile)
SendMessageInternal(service, "me", message1)
def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message):
try:
message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())
print 'Message Id: %s' % message['id']
return message
except errors.HttpError, error:
print 'An error occurred: %s' % error
return "error"
def create_message_with_attachment(
sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile):
"""Create a message for an email.
Args:
sender: Email address of the sender.
to: Email address of the receiver.
subject: The subject of the email message.
message_text: The text of the email message.
file: The path to the file to be attached.
Returns:
An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
"""
message = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
message['to'] = to
message['from'] = sender
message['subject'] = subject
message_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
message_related = MIMEMultipart('related')
message_related.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
message_alternative.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
message_alternative.attach(message_related)
message.attach(message_alternative)
print "create_message_with_attachment: file:", attachmentFile
content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile)
if content_type is None or encoding is not None:
content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1)
if main_type == 'text':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
elif main_type == 'image':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
elif main_type == 'audio':
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
fp.close()
else:
fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
msg.set_payload(fp.read())
fp.close()
filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile)
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
message.attach(msg)
return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}
def main():
to = "[email protected]"
sender = "[email protected]"
subject = "subject"
msgHtml = "Hi<br/>Html Email"
msgPlain = "Hi\nPlain Email"
attachment = "/path/to/file.pdf"
SendMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachment)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Вот лучшее: Многостраничное/смешанное сообщение mime с вложениями и встроенными изображениями
И изображение: https://www.qcode.co.uk/images/mime-nesting-structure.png
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]@qcode.co.uk
Subject: Example Email
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="MixedBoundaryString"
--MixedBoundaryString
Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="RelatedBoundaryString"
--RelatedBoundaryString
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="AlternativeBoundaryString"
--AlternativeBoundaryString
Content-Type: text/plain;charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
This is the plain text part of the email.
--AlternativeBoundaryString
Content-Type: text/html;charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<html>
<body>=0D
<img src=3D=22cid:masthead.png=40qcode.co.uk=22 width 800 height=3D80=
=5C>=0D
<p>This is the html part of the email.</p>=0D
<img src=3D=22cid:logo.png=40qcode.co.uk=22 width 200 height=3D60 =5C=
>=0D
</body>=0D
</html>=0D
--AlternativeBoundaryString--
--RelatedBoundaryString
Content-Type: image/jpgeg;name="logo.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: inline;filename="logo.png"
Content-ID: <[email protected]>
amtsb2hiaXVvbHJueXZzNXQ2XHVmdGd5d2VoYmFmaGpremxidTh2b2hydHVqd255aHVpbnRyZnhu
dWkgb2l1b3NydGhpdXRvZ2hqdWlyb2h5dWd0aXJlaHN1aWhndXNpaHhidnVqZmtkeG5qaG5iZ3Vy
...
...
a25qbW9nNXRwbF0nemVycHpvemlnc3k5aDZqcm9wdHo7amlodDhpOTA4N3U5Nnkwb2tqMm9sd3An
LGZ2cDBbZWRzcm85eWo1Zmtsc2xrZ3g=
--RelatedBoundaryString
Content-Type: image/jpgeg;name="masthead.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: inline;filename="masthead.png"
Content-ID: <[email protected]>
aXR4ZGh5Yjd1OHk3MzQ4eXFndzhpYW9wO2tibHB6c2tqOTgwNXE0aW9qYWJ6aXBqOTBpcjl2MC1t
dGlmOTA0cW05dGkwbWk0OXQwYVttaXZvcnBhXGtsbGo7emt2c2pkZnI7Z2lwb2F1amdpNTh1NDlh
...
...
eXN6dWdoeXhiNzhuZzdnaHQ3eW9zemlqb2FqZWt0cmZ1eXZnamhka3JmdDg3aXV2dWd5aGVidXdz
dhyuhehe76YTGSFGA=
--RelatedBoundaryString--
--MixedBoundaryString
Content-Type: application/pdf;name="Invoice_1.pdf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="Invoice_1.pdf"
aGZqZGtsZ3poZHVpeWZoemd2dXNoamRibngganZodWpyYWRuIHVqO0hmSjtyRVVPIEZSO05SVURF
SEx1aWhudWpoZ3h1XGh1c2loZWRma25kamlsXHpodXZpZmhkcnVsaGpnZmtsaGVqZ2xod2plZmdq
...
...
a2psajY1ZWxqanNveHV5ZXJ3NTQzYXRnZnJhZXdhcmV0eXRia2xhanNueXVpNjRvNWllc3l1c2lw
dWg4NTA0
--MixedBoundaryString
Content-Type: application/pdf;name="SpecialOffer.pdf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="SpecialOffer.pdf"
aXBvY21odWl0dnI1dWk4OXdzNHU5NTgwcDN3YTt1OTQwc3U4NTk1dTg0dTV5OGlncHE1dW4zOTgw
cS0zNHU4NTk0eWI4OTcwdjg5MHE4cHV0O3BvYTt6dWI7dWlvenZ1em9pdW51dDlvdTg5YnE4N3Z3
...
...
OTViOHk5cDV3dTh5bnB3dWZ2OHQ5dTh2cHVpO2p2Ymd1eTg5MGg3ajY4bjZ2ODl1ZGlvcjQ1amts
dfnhgjdfihn=
--MixedBoundaryString--
.
Схема многочастная/связанная/альтернативная
Header
|From: email
|To: email
|MIME-Version: 1.0
|Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="boundary1";
Message body
|multipart/mixed --boundary1
|--boundary1
| multipart/related --boundary2
| |--boundary2
| | multipart/alternative --boundary3
| | |--boundary3
| | |text/plain
| | |--boundary3
| | |text/html
| | |--boundary3--
| |--boundary2
| |Inline image
| |--boundary2
| |Inline image
| |--boundary2--
|--boundary1
|Attachment1
|--boundary1
|Attachment2
|--boundary1
|Attachment3
|--boundary1--
|
.